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【目的】为了使聚偏氟乙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride,PVDF)更好地应用于可穿戴电子领域，分析提高PVDF粉体压电系数d33的方法，以推动改性PVDF粉体在可穿戴传感中的应用。【研究现状】综述利用化学共聚和物理共混手段对PVDF进行改性的方法，在化学共聚方面，主要通过偏氟乙烯与三氟乙烯、六氟丙烯等单体进行共聚，利用空间位阻诱导偶极取向提高PVDF粉体压电系数d33；在物理共混方面，主要通过向PVDF基体中引入钛酸钡、锆钛酸铅、氧化锌等具有高压电系数d33的纳米颗粒或陶瓷粉体提高PVDF粉体压电系数d33；此外，通过3D打印、静电纺丝、高压极化等工艺也可进一步提高PVDF粉体压电系数d33；探讨基于改性PVDF粉体制备的柔性可穿戴传感器件的应用领域。【结论与展望】提出通过化学共聚、物理共混及先进加工工艺的协同优化，可有效提升PVDF粉体的压电系数d33并实现功能集成，为开发高性能PVDF基柔性传感器奠定了材料基础；认为通过PVDF粉体压电系数d33的提高，具有高压电性的PVDF基多模态柔性可穿戴传感器在运动监测、健康管理等方面具有巨大的潜力。
Abstract：Significance Flexible wearable sensors have gained rapid popularity due to the advancement of flexible electronics. Among various sensing mechanisms, piezoelectric sensors exhibit high sensitivity and energy conversion efficiency for dynamic signals, along with self-powering capability, making them ideal for long-term physiological monitoring. Polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF), a piezoelectric polymer, offers excellent flexibility, biocompatibility, light weight, and stability, rendering it highly suitable for conformal wearable devices. However, its relatively low piezoelectric coefficient(d33) limits the sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio of PVDF-based sensors. Therefore, enhancing the d33 of PVDF through material modification is crucial for expanding its applications in high-performance flexible sensing.Progress This review systematically outlines the main strategies developed in recent years to enhance the piezoelectric performance of poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF), aiming to synergistically improve its piezoelectric output through molecular design, composite structuring, and advanced processing. The research primarily follows two pathways: one is chemical copolymerization, where the introduction of co monomers such as TrFE or HFP reduces the energy barrier for β phase formation, leading to d33 values above 50 pC/N and, further through ternary/quaternary copolymer designs that introduce relaxor ferroelectric behavior, reaching d33 values up to thousands of pC/N; the other is physical blending/compositing, in which piezoelectric ceramics or conductive nanomaterials are incorporated into the PVDF matrix, leveraging interfacial polarization and stress transfer to promote β phase nucleation and enhance overall polarization, thereby achieving tunable d33 values ranging from tens to hundreds of pC/N. Supported by optimized fabrication techniques such as electrospinning, high voltage poling, ice template self assembly and 3D printing,the microstructure and dipole alignment can be further controlled to fully exploit the piezoelectric potential of the material systems. In summary, a systematic strategy spanning molecular design, multiphase compositing, and microstructure control has been established, significantly advancing the piezoelectric properties of PVDF based materials. This progress drives the development of flexible, multifunctional, and integrable materials, laying an important foundation for next generation flexible sensors, biomedical monitoring, and smart wearable devices.Conclusions and Prospects Currently, the piezoelectric coefficient d33 of PVDF powder is primarily improved through chemical copolymerization and physical blending. In chemical copolymerization, vinylidene fluoride is mainly copolymerized with monomers such as trifluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene, where steric hindrance is utilized to promote dipole orientation, thereby increasing d33. In physical blending, nanoparticles or ceramic powders with high d33, such as BaTiO3, PZT, and ZnO, are introduced into the PVDF matrix to enhance the d33 of PVDF powder. Additionally, processes such as 3D printing, electrospinning, and high-voltage poling can further improve the d33 of PVDF powder. With the increase in d33, PVDF-based multimodal flexible wearable sensors exhibit considerable potential in motion monitoring, health management, and related fields.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2026.01.002
中图分类号:TP212;TQ325.4
引用信息:
[1]胡潇然,蒋龙太,姚鉴文,等.聚偏氟乙烯压电粉体改性方法及其在柔性可穿戴传感器件领域的应用[J].中国粉体技术,2026,32(01):14-23.DOI:10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2026.01.002.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划课题项目,编号：2021YFB2401902; 四川省自然科学基金项目,编号：2024NSFSC0252~~
2025-12-26
2025-12-26
2025-12-26